Pixel defects
Pixel defects can be of three kinds: hot, warm, and dead pixels.
Hot pixels are elements that always saturate (give the maximum signal, e.g. full white) whichever the light intensity is.
Dead pixels behave the opposite, always giving a zero (black) signal.
Warm pixels produce a random signal. These kinds of defects are independent of the intensity and exposure time, so they can be easily removed – e.g. by digitally substituting them with the average value of the surrounding pixels.
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