Demosaicing – Debayering
A standard image sensor captures black-and-white images. Color images require the use of a color matrix.
The most frequently used matrix is the Bayer pattern, featured in a process known as Bayering: it involves the composition of a mosaic using the color pixels, although the color values for that mosaic are actually incomplete.
To produce a proper color image, those color values are reconstructed using a dedicated algorithm: this process is known as Debayering or Demosaicing.
Demosaicing can either be performed directly within the camera's firmware or afterward in post-production using the raw data.
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