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In a sensor, the circuitry surrounding the pixel active area greatly reduces light sensitivity. With the last fabrication technology, it’s possible to build a sensor flipped upgdprlocke down: in this process, after the creation of the photodiodes, transistor, and metal interconnections, the chip is flipped upside down and mechanically polished till the previous “bottom” of the silicon chip is exposed. In this way, the pixel active area is on the top of the sensor and it’s no longer obstructed by the readout circuitry.